Allergic Colds

Also known as hay fever, this condition refers to an allergy to pollen, dust, pets etc. which results in sneezing / running nose, nasal stuffiness, watery and itchy eyes.

In most cases, symptoms are mild and at the most are inconvenient. But if its severe and persists for extended periods of time, it is a cause of concern and needs to be treated.

If the allergy is due to pollen, symptoms are seen in particular seasons depending on when the plant in question flowers. Allergies to other things could be throughout the year.

Diagnosis is by clinical symptoms. Skin/ blood allergen testing can also be done to pinpoint the cause for the allergy.

Though the obvious preventive step is to avoid exposure to the offending agent , in most cases since its environmental, it just cannot be avoided. Regular cleaning of living spaces and personal effects minimizes exposure to allergens.

Medicines for treatment fall into the following categories :

- Antihistamines - these control symptoms such as sneezing , watering and itchiness of eyes etc. Though the older ones are cause drowsiness , the newer generation antihistamines have minimal sedative effects and are safe. There are even antihistamine nasal sprays which take effect fairly quickly.

- Decongestants - are often combined with antihistamines in tablet form or are available as nasal sprays. Though these provide instant relief from nasal stuffiness, it is wise not to use them for more than a couple of days since long term administration is known to cause adverse changes in the nasal skin lining. This is also due to preservatives added to the solution. Also, with repeated use , the response decreases till there is no effect ultimately.

- Intra nasal steroids are very effective in the treatment of symptoms that are present for long periods. It is administered locally and hence is safe for long term use.

- Other drugs that influence the allergic reaction cascade such as cromolyn and leukotriene receptor antagonists are also useful but need to be taken on a regular basis.

- Oral/ injectable steroids are rarely given keeping in mind their long term effects and are only prescribed for short periods when symptoms are very severe.

Immunotherapy is also an option for those whose symptoms are severe, uncontrolled by medication, or if other allergic conditions (eg. asthma, eczema ) begin to develop.

by Nikhil Abraham